As a synthetic water-soluble polymer compound, PVP has the general properties of water-soluble polymer compounds, colloid protection, film-forming, cohesiveness, moisture absorption, solubilization or condensation, but it is the most distinctive, so people attach importance to its excellent solubility and physiological compatibility. In synthetic polymers, such as PVP, which is soluble in both water and most organic solvents, has low toxicity and good physiological compatibility. Especially in the fields closely related to people's health, such as medicine, food and cosmetics, with the reduction of the price of its raw material butyrolactone, it will certainly show a good prospect for its development. The following is a specific introduction to its application fields:
medical science
PVP has excellent physiological inertia, does not participate in human metabolism, and has excellent biocompatibility. It does not form any irritation to skin, mucous membrane, eyes, etc. Pharmaceutical grade PVP is one of the three new pharmaceutical excipients advocated internationally, which can be used as the adhesive of tablets and granules, the cosolvent of injections, and the flow aid of capsules; It can also be used as a low temperature preservation agent, such as an ophthalmic detoxifier, an extender, a lubricant and a coating film former, a dispersant for liquid preparations, and a stabilizer for enzymes and heat sensitive drugs. For contact lenses, it can increase its hydrophilicity and lubricity. PVP K30 has been officially listed with the approval of the national pharmaceutical administration. The company also supplies povidone K30 with approval number.
From a biological point of view, the molecular structure of PVP is similar to that of a simple protein model, and even its water solubility is compatible with some small molecules and can be precipitated by some protein precipitants, such as ammonium sulfate, trichloroacetic acid, tannic acid and phenols. So that PVP can be widely used as the auxiliary material of pharmaceutical preparations, and the specific applications are as follows: ① as the adhesive of the preparation ② coprecipitator ③ as the cosolvent or crystal formation inhibitor in the injection ④ coating or film-forming agent ⑤ controlled release of retardants and slow-release agents can prolong the action time of drugs ⑥ artificial vitreous and cornea ⑦ surgical bandage ⑧ PVP iodine disinfectant. In addition, PVP can also be used as colorant and X-ray contrast agent; It can be used for tablets, granules, water and other pharmaceutical preparations, and has the functions of detoxification, hemostasis, increasing the dissolved concentration, preventing peritoneal adhesion, and promoting erythrocyte sedimentation.
food processing
PVP itself does not cause cancer, has good food safety, can form complex with specific polyphenol compounds (such as tannin), and is mainly used as clarifier and stabilizer of beer, fruit juice, wine and other foods in food processing. PVP can form complex with specific polyphenol compounds (such as tannin), which can play a role of clarification and anticoagulation in fruit juice drinks. For example, Buschke H et al. can effectively reduce the freezing point by adding 0.01%~0.02% soluble PVP in the fermentation tank. PVP can also play the same role in the production of wine and vinegar. Cross linked PVP is particularly widely used in beer and tea drinks. Polyphenols in beer can combine with proteins in beer to form tannin macromolecular complexes, which will seriously affect the flavor of beer and shorten its shelf life. Cross linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP) can be complexed with tannins and anthocyanins in beer, so as to clarify beer, improve its storage stability and extend its shelf life. In tea drinks, the use of PVPP can appropriately reduce the content of tea polyphenols, and PVPP does not remain in tea drinks, which can be reused, greatly reducing costs. [1]
Daily cosmetics
In the consumption structure of PVP, the cosmetics industry in developed countries accounts for 30%~50%, and China accounts for 70%~80%. Because PVP has extremely low toxicity and physiological inertia, it has no irritation to skin and eyes, and has a long-term use record in the medical field, so it is safe for cosmetics. In daily cosmetics, PVP and copolymer have good dispersibility and film-forming property. PVP can protect colloid in lotion, and can be used in fat and non fat creams, as setting liquid, hair spray and mousse setting agent, hair conditioner sunscreen, shampoo foam stabilizer, wave setting agent, and hair dye dispersant and affinity agent. Adding PVP to the cream, sunscreen and hair remover can enhance the wetting and lubricating effects.
Detergent
PVP has anti fouling re precipitation performance, which can be used to prepare transparent liquid or heavy fouling detergent. Adding PVP to the detergent has a good anti color rotation effect, and can enhance the cleaning ability. When washing fabrics, it can prevent the irritation of synthetic detergent on the skin, especially for synthetic fibers, which is more prominent than carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) detergents. PVP can be compounded with borax as an effective component in the formulation of phenol containing disinfectant cleaner. The detergent mixed with PVP and hydrogen peroxide solid has the functions of bleaching and killing bacteria.
Textile printing and dyeing
PVP has good affinity with many organic dyes. It can be combined with hydrophobic synthetic fibers such as polyacrylonitrile, ester, nylon and fiber materials to improve dyeing power and hydrophilicity. Kirsh YE et al. reported that after PVP and nylon graft copolymerization, the fabric produced improved wet wrinkle resistance and moisture resistance.
Paint and pigment
The paint and coating coated with PVP can be transparent without affecting the natural color, improve the gloss and dispersion of paint and pigment, improve the thermal stability, and improve the dispersion of ink and ink.
Polymeric surfactant
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, as a polymer surfactant, can be used as dispersant, emulsifier, thickener, leveling agent, particle size regulator, anti precipitation agent, coagulant, cosolvent and detergent in different dispersion systems.
Catalyst preparation
As an active agent to stabilize colloidal particles, it is used in the preparation of core-shell catalyst.
other aspects
PVP can be used as a gelling agent for tertiary oil recovery to improve oil recovery. As an auxiliary for photosensitive materials, it is helpful to reduce the latex degree and enhance the coverage of developing images. It is used as thickener, dispersion stabilizer and bonding regulator in the process of polymer polymerization. It is used as dispersant in paper industry and as cocatalyst in propylene amine gasification reaction. The applications of PVP in separation membranes, light curing resins, laser discs, drag reducing coatings, building materials, steel making and electroplating are also emerging.
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